Field Study № 047 · Mechanical Switches
Press · Actuate · Repeat

A Technical Study · 1953 — Present

The click
that built an
empire of buttons.

From a 1953 Chicago workshop to the most demanding arcade cabinets in Tokyo, the Cherry switch has been pressed an estimated 47 billion times. This is the anatomy of a click.

73yrs
Of continuous
manufacture
50M+
Presses per
switch (rated)
4.0mm
Total travel
distance
+0.4mm
Tolerance, every
single unit
02
Anatomy · 7 components · 1 click

A switch is a small machine pretending to be a button.

Every MX switch is seven precision parts nested inside a 15.6 mm cube. Remove the keycap and the entire mechanism is exposed to light, dust, and an actuary's pen. The pieces, in order of contact, are these.

Fig. 02 · Exploded view Cherry MX1A-11NW 01 · STEM 02 · TOP HOUSING Nylon · POM blend 03 · SPRING 04 · CLICK LEAF · 05 · CONTACTS 06 · BOTTOM HOUSING Nylon · glass-filled 07 · PINS · Through-hole
01
Stem (POM)
+ 1.3 g
02
Top housing (Nylon)
15.6 × 15.6 mm
03
Spring (stainless)
45 – 80 cN
04
Click leaf (steel)
0.05 mm
05
Contact leaves (gold)
12 mΩ
06
Bottom housing (GF nylon)
4 mounting tabs
07
Pins (phosphor bronze)
PCB or panel mount
03
Mechanism · 0.4 milliseconds of trust

How a press becomes a keystroke.

A key press begins as a physical intention — a finger, a finger's weight, a finger's weight committed to a 4 mm fall. The keycap transmits that force into the stem, the only red part in the system, the only part that moves first.

As the stem descends, two gold-plated leaves approach each other inside the housing. The spring resists. At exactly 2.0 mm of travel — the actuation point — the leaves touch. A circuit closes. The computer receives a number. The number is 1.

For a tactile switch, a small bump leaf pushes against the stem just before actuation, producing the characteristic resistance. For a clicky switch, a second metal leaf snaps past the stem at that moment, adding an audible 60 dB pop. For a linear switch, nothing interrupts the fall.

On release, the spring pushes everything back. The leaves separate. The circuit opens. The finger, which by now has decided what to type next, is already moving.

Demo · Try It ● Live

PRESS · HOLD · RELEASE
Force
45cN
Actuation
2.0mm
Total
4.0mm
04
Chronology · Seven Decades

From a Chicago back room to every arcade on earth.

1953
Walter L. Cherry founds Cherry Electrical Products in a Chicago back room. The first product: a precision snap-action microswitch.
1964
The Cherry E51 microswitch enters production. It is small, cheap, and it clicks like a Geiger counter. Arcades buy them by the thousand.
1972
Pong lands in bars. The cabinet uses a Cherry microswitch per player button. Coin-op is now a permanent feature of urban life.
1980
Namco releases Pac-Man. Each cabinet houses 14 Cherry-based inputs. Tokyo, Osaka, Manhattan — every arcade has at least one.
1983
Cherry patents the MX series: the world's first standardized, hot-swappable, cross-stem mechanical key switch. A keyboard revolution begins.
1991
Street Fighter II ships with a 6-button layout. Capcom specifies Cherry-grade leaf switches for the arcade boards. Quarter-munching intensifies.
2000s
The mechanical keyboard revival starts on forums. Enthusiasts begin disassembling, lubing, filming, and modding MX switches.
2020s
Custom switches, hot-swap PCBs, and group-buys turn a 1983 patent into a creator economy. The click outlives its inventor.
05
The Arcade Era · 1972 — 1999

Where Cherry switches fought for a living.

Before keyboards, before keyboards, the Cherry switch was an arcade button. A thing that refused to die.

The leaf-switch architecture that powered the original Cherry microswitch turned out to be ideal for the demands of coin-operated machines: millions of presses, no maintenance, no warning. A well-built Cherry switch in an arcade cabinet would outlast the cabinet itself, the building it stood in, and possibly the zoning laws. This is the era when the click became a global sound effect.

Cabinet 01Namco · 1980
Pac-Man
The original maze. The original click.
Buttons / cab.14
Switch typeCherry microswitch
Avg. presses / day~ 22,000
Lifetime (est.)5+ years
Cabinet 02Capcom · 1991
Street Fighter II
Six buttons, ten million quarters.
Buttons / cab.12 (6 per side)
Switch typeCherry D2X (custom)
Tournament presses / hr~ 3,600
Cabs produced~ 60,000
Cabinet 03Midway · 1992
Mortal Kombat
Five buttons. Fatalities permitted.
Buttons / cab.10 (5 per side)
Switch typeCherry E62-series
Top cabinet earning$ 432 / wk
Court casesSeveral
Cabinet 04SNK · 1990
Neo Geo MVS
One cabinet, forty-six games.
Buttons / cab.8
Switch typeCherry EN series
Game library148 titles
Lasting impressionForever
06
Specimens · The Family

Five switches. One patent. Many opinions.

The cross-stem is identical across every MX switch. What changes — the color of the upper housing, the inside of the slider, the presence or absence of a click leaf — defines the feel. Bring your own opinion to the table.

Switch
Feel
Force
Best for
MX Red · linear
Smooth · no bump, no click
45 cN
Gaming · fast double-taps
MX Brown · tactile
Quiet bump · soft tactile feedback
45 cN
Typing · mixed use
MX Blue · clicky
Click + bump · audible, assertive
50 cN
Writing · roommates hate you
MX Black · linear heavy
Heavy · linear with resistance
60 cN
Heavy typists · accountants
MX Clear · tactile heavy
Sharp bump · pronounced tactile
55 cN
Purists · no click, all feedback
MX Silent · dampened
Soft · rubber-dampened bottom
45 cN
Open offices · late nights
07
The Click · 60 dB · 4 ms

An audible signature 70 years in the making.

Soundprint · MX Blue · 50 cN

The Cherry click, slowed 8×, looks like a small storm.

0 ms ACTUATION · 2.0 mm 4 ms

The click is not a byproduct. It is the point.

In 1983, when Cherry patented the MX series, they did not set out to invent a sound. They set out to invent a switch that told the truth about itself: a press that confirms, instantly, that the world has been notified.

The audible click of a Blue switch is the click leaf snapping past the slider. In a Pac-Man cabinet, that sound was repeated tens of thousands of times a day. In a typewriter factory in 1974, the same physical event happened a half-million times. In a Tokyo arcade at midnight, 1991, a teenager pressing jab → jab → hadouken heard the click six times in two seconds. The cabinet made that possible. The cabinet made that unforgettable.

Press, and the cabinet knows. Press, and the cabinet knows. Press, and the cabinet knows. — A Pac-Man machine, ca. 1981
08
Revival · 2010s — Now

A 1983 patent, still the global standard.

By the early 2000s, the mechanical keyboard was a curiosity. Rubber-dome scissor switches had won the mainstream; Cherry's MX patents had aged into folklore. Then the forums happened. Geekhack in 2005, Deskthority shortly after, /r/MechanicalKeyboards in 2010.

Enthusiasts began disassembling switches with tweezers, lubing them with Krytox, filming the springs to dampen ping, and swapping the internal leaves. What was a manufacturing spec became a creative medium. By 2018, the group-buy — a kind of patronage-driven small-batch manufacturing — had turned the Cherry MX clone market into a creator economy worth hundreds of millions of dollars.

Cherry GmbH, the German successor to Walter Cherry's company, still manufactures the original. The cross-shaped stem, the 15.6 mm housing, the gold-plated leaves — all of it is backwards-compatible with a switch made in 1984. In an industry obsessed with obsolescence, that is the rarest feat of all.

A good click, like a good contract, is one that both parties know has happened.

Market · Mechanical Keyboards

Global market (2024) $ 2.4 B

+ 18%

MX-compatible switches shipped ~ 1.6 B / yr
Custom switch SKUs (2020 → 2024) 200 → 1,400+
Cherry GmbH market share ~ 8 %

clones won volume

Avg. collector switches ~ 240
Avg. switches / keyboard 87
Est. cumulative presses, all-time ~ 47,000,000,000